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This is useful for processing files in an unknown encoding. These private code points will then be turned back into the same bytes when this error handler is used in writing data. surrogateescape: will represent any incorrect bytes as code points in the Unicode Private Use Area ranging from U+DC80 to U+DCFF.replace: causes a replacement marker (such as '?') to be inserted where there is malformed data.Note that ignoring encoding errors can lead to data loss. The default value of None has the same effect. strict: to raise a ValueError exception if there is an encoding error.Please be aware that this argument cannot be used in binary mode. The error argument refers to how the encoding and decoding errors are being handled. Let’s start with the available modes and standard encodings. In this article, we will be exploring some methods that can be used in handling Unicode files in Python. For simplicity, think of it as translating a foreign character to a character that machines understand. In addition, different languages have their own character sets which can only display under certain fonts.

It gets more complicated when you have different sets of operating systems. This allows us to transfer them between computers and use them in our daily lives. Hence, encoding and decoding serve as a way to map characters from text to bytes or vice versa. The Unicode specifications are continually revised and updated to add new languages and symbols. Based on the official python documentation, Unicode (Universal Coded Character Set)is a specification that aims to list every character used by human languages and give each character its own unique code. Let’s start with a simple explanation of Unicode. You might be asking why we need to encode and decode characters. Most of the time, such errors are not informative enough unless you are a veteran in this field. Imagine the frustration when you encounter errors in encoding or decoding such as: UnicodeEncodeError: 'mbcs' codec can't decode characters in position UnicodeDecodeError: 'charmap' codec can't decode byte 0x90 in position Handling Unicode files as a natural language processing practitioner is a nightmare, especially if you are using Windows operating system. This article is a must-read for those that often handle Unicode files (applicable to other encodings as well ) in their daily work.

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